MyPhenome test can predict recurrent weight regain after bariatric surgery

A new study presented by Mayo Clinic researchers at Digestive Disease Week (DDW) has found that the MyPhenome test can help providers identify which patients are most likely to benefit from bariatric procedures, and which are at greater risk for long-term weight regain after surgery.

Led by Phenomix co-founder, Dr Andres Acosta, the study builds upon decades of research showing how genetic insights can improve clinical decision-making in obesity care. The study, “A machine-learning assisted gene risk score for calories to satiation predicts weight loss outcomes after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery,” was presented by Dr Maria A Espinosa.

"These findings open the door to more precise bariatric care," said Acosta. "When we understand a patient’s biological drivers of obesity, we can make better decisions about the right procedure, follow-up, and long-term support. This moves us away from a one-size-fits-all model to care rooted in each patient’s unique biology."

In the study, researchers analysed genetic and long-term weight data for patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. Using the MyPhenome test, the researchers found that patients with both a high genetic risk score and rare genetic mutations (leptin-melanocortin pathway) experienced significantly more weight regain over 15 years. This group maintained only 4.9% total body weight loss compared to up to 24.8% in other genetic groups. The findings suggest the MyPhenome test can help surgeons and healthcare providers identify patients who may need additional support or alternative approaches to maintain weight loss post-surgery.

“This study shows how genetic risk scores can directly inform the most critical decisions in obesity care, who should get surgery, what kind, and how to support them afterward,” said Dr Barham Abu Dayyeh. “This is the future of bariatric treatment: matching patients with the right interventions based not just on symptoms or BMI, but on their underlying biology.”

Omar Ghanem

The MyPhenome test is a simple saliva swab that determines the root biological factors that can cause obesity and helps physicians personalize treatments for more effective weight loss. This research provides new support for integrating the MyPhenome test into obesity treatment planning and in the development of targeted surgical interventions and care pathways based on a patient’s unique biology.

“These findings mark a pivotal moment in bariatric care,” said Dr Omar M Ghanem, study co-author, metabolic surgeon, and Chair of the Metabolic and Abdominal Wall Reconstructive Surgery Division at Mayo Clinic. “By using the MyPhenome test to identify patients with a higher genetic risk for recurrent weight gain, we can better tailor surgical strategies and long-term support. This precision approach enables us to intervene earlier, select the most appropriate procedure, and ultimately improve outcomes for patients who might otherwise struggle post-surgery.”